[47] In 1979's Operation Caban, French troops helped drive Bokassa out of power and restore former president David Dacko to power. "Valéry Giscard D’Estaing." [58] That same year Giscard suffered a setback when he lost a close election for the mayoralty of Clermont-Ferrand. [89] This fuelled rumours that the piece of fiction was based on a real-life liaison between Giscard and Diana, Princess of Wales. Vu par Pino Zac, Jean Leffel, Escaro, vers 1974-1976. [71] Although the Constitution was rejected by French voters in May 2005, Giscard continued to actively lobby for its passage in other European Union states. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Valéry Marie René Giscard d'Estaing was born on 2 February 1926 in Koblenz, Germany, during the French occupation of the Rhineland. [66], A 2014 poll suggested that 64% of the French thought he had been a good president. "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing: the limits of liberalism", in, This page was last edited on 25 January 2021, at 08:53. Le film … [12][10] Giscard refused to resign and founded the Independent Republicans (RI), which became the junior partner of the Gaullists in the "presidential majority". Giscard returned to politics in 1982, serving as conseiller général of Puy-de-Dôme département until 1988. L'ancien président de la République qui gouverna la France de 1974 à 1981 est décédé, à l'âge de 94 ans ce 2 décembre. Once Giscard was out of office, Chirac was established as the natural leader of the right. [64], On 19 April 2007, he endorsed Nicolas Sarkozy for the presidential election. [72], Giscard d'Estaing attracted international attention at the time of the June 2008 Irish vote on the Lisbon Treaty. For other uses, see, Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing. Président de la République entre 1974 et 1981, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing s’est éteint ce mercredi 2 décembre 2020, dans la soirée, à l’âge de 94 ans. French former president Valéry Giscard d’Estaing led France between 1974 and 1981. C’est « entouré de sa famille » que s’est éteint dans la soirée du mercredi 2 décembre dans la propriété familiale d’Authon (Loir-et-Cher), l’ancien président de la République, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing. Paris : Editions Balland, 1997. It included a 3-month price freeze; a reduction in the value added tax; wage controls; salary controls; a reduction of the growth in the money supply; and increases in the income tax, automobile taxes, luxury taxes and bank rates. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. [23] Jacques Chirac and other Gaullist personalities published the Call of the 43 [fr] where they explained that Giscard was the best candidate to prevent the election of Mitterrand. ", Criddle, B. J. He was elected to the National Assembly, serving from 1984 to 1989, and was influential in uniting France’s rightist parties. [75][76][77], In 2008 he became the Honorary President of the Permanent Platform of Atomium Culture. [11], Unexpectedly, the right-wing coalition won the 1978 legislative election. [69], From 2001 to 2004 he served as President of the Convention on the Future of Europe. [10] His connection to D'Estaing family was very remote. [11] In 2016, he supported former Prime minister François Fillon in The Republicans presidential primaries. Giscard had an older sister, Sylvie and younger siblings Olivier, Isabelle, and Marie-Laure. Président de la République entre 1974 et 1981, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing s’est éteint ce mercredi 2 décembre 2020, dans la soirée, à l’âge de 94 ans. [10] He was also known simply as l'Ex, particularly during the time he was the only living former president. [78] On 27 November 2009, Giscard publicly launched the Permanent Platform of Atomium Culture during its first conference, held at the European Parliament,[79] declaring: "European intelligence could be at the very root of the identity of the European people. [97], President Emmanuel Macron released a statement describing Giscard d'Estaing as a "servant of the state, a politician of progress and freedom";[11] the president declared a national day of mourning for Giscard d'Estaing on 9 December. [48] This action was also controversial, particularly since Dacko was Bokassa's cousin and had appointed Bokassa as head of the military, and unrest continued in the Central African Republic leading to Dacko being overthrown in another coup in 1981. He promoted liberalisation of trade. Comme on l’a dit plus haut, le camp gaulliste n’est pas uni derrière Jacques Chaban-Delmas. [30] He promoted nuclear power, as a way to assert French independence. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. CHEFF NC 0002 Archives de la présidence de la République : Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, 1974-1981 . A leading figure of the French center-right, VGE led France from 1974, when he defeated François Mitterrand, until 1981, when Mitterrand won the presidency. Citing personal and professional differences with Giscard, Chirac resigned from that office in 1976 and set about reconstituting the Gaullist Union of Democrats for the Republic into a neo-Gaullist group, the Rally for the Republic (RPR). Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, (born February 2, 1926, Koblenz, Germany—died December 2, 2020, Loir-et-Cher, France), French political leader, who served as the third president of the Fifth Republic of France (1974–81). [98] Former presidents Nicolas Sarkozy and François Hollande,[99] 2017 presidential candidate Marine Le Pen,[99] German Chancellor Angela Merkel,[100] and European Union leaders Charles Michel, David Sassoli, and Ursula von der Leyen all issued statements praising Giscard's efforts in modernising France and strengthening relations with the European Union. [83] His family did not live in the presidential Élysée Palace, and The Independent reported on his affairs with women. His international economic policies—among them his attempt to limit American economic influence in France—and his other conservative financial measures helped cause a recession and brought him discredit in the business and labour sectors; he was dismissed. D'Estaing was a prominent supporter of European integration and played a major role in constructing a common European space. From 1969 to 1974 he was again finance minister under President Georges Pompidou. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing a été inhumé dans la plus stricte intimité . [40] They induced the Soviet Union to establish a degree of liberalisation through the Helsinki Accords. Among his several published works are Démocratie française (1976; French Democracy) and two volumes of memoirs. Un groupe mené par Jacques Chirac, Pierre Juillet et Marie-France Garaud conspire pour torpiller sa candidature . Valéry Giscard d’Estaing se lève, quitte son bureau, et marche vers la sortie d’une grande pièce de l’Elysée. [63] Indeed, the question of the membership of former presidents in the council was raised at this point, with some suggesting that it should be replaced by a life membership in the Senate. Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (Coblença, 2 de fevereiro de 1926 – Authon, 2 de dezembro de 2020) foi um político francês de centro-direita que exerceu o cargo de presidente da República Francesa de 1974 a 1981.. Inspetor das finanças de profissão, participou em vários governos entre 1959 e 1974. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Valéry Giscard d’Estaing et les caricaturistes. [11] His funeral and burial was held on 5 December in Authon with forty people attending the event. [11], In his appointments he was innovative regarding women. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est mort ce mercredi à l'âge de 94 ans. [39], After his defeat, Giscard retired temporarily from politics. [26] At 48, he was the third youngest president in French history at the time, after Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte and Jean Casimir-Perier. [88], Giscard wrote his second romantic novel, published on 1 October 2009 in France, entitled The Princess and the President. ", "Former President Gerald R. Ford stands with Vice President Dick Cheney", "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Edouard Balladur, Jacques Chirac's best enemies", "L'UMP tente un nouvel assaut en Auvergne", "France's New Five-Year Presidential Term", "Giscard: France's rejection of the Constitution was a 'mistake, La Chiraquie veut protéger son chef quand il quittera l'Elysée, "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing soutient François Fillon", "Le "parti de l'étranger" et "le bruit et l'odeur", les précédents dérapages de Jacques Chirac", "Lisbon Treaty made to avoid referendum, says Giscard", "Yes to simplified treaty, No to a mutilated text", "Roche regrets 'distortion' of Giscard quote on Lisbon", "Lisbon No campaign was 'dishonest' in misusing his quote, says Giscard", "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Honorary President of Atomium-EISMD", "The Honorary President of Atomium Culture Valéry Giscard d'Estaing speaks at the public launch and first conference, Atomium Culture", "Atomium Culture: Bienenstock der Intelligenz – Atomium Culture – Wissen", "Highlights of the Public Launch and First Conference of Atomium-EISMD", "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing : un roman et des souvenirs", "French get peek at all the presidents' women", "Hemeroteca La Vanguardia, November 30th 1974 (Spanish)", "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Ex-French President, Accused of Groping Journalist", "Giscard d'Estaing a victim of chateau slump", "France's former president Giscard d'Estaing, 94, hospitalised", "El expresidente francés Giscard d'Estaing, de 94 años, hospitalizado por una infección pulmonar", "Former French President Giscard d'Estaing hospitalized", "L'ancien président Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est sorti de l'hôpital", L'ancien président Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est mort, VALÉRY GISCARD D'ESTAING EST MORT À L'ÂGE DE 94 ANS, "French ex-president Giscard laid to rest in low-key ceremony", "Macron declares national day of mourning for Giscard d'Estaing on December 9", "French ex-President Valery Giscard d'Estaing dies of Covid", "Merkel Mourns Loss Of 'Great European' Giscard D'Estaing", "Giscard d'Estaing: a tribute from Sassoli, Michel and Von der Leyen. He was elected to the French Academy in 2003. [119] He was also granted a coat of arms by King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden, for his induction as a Knight of the Seraphim. 19 mai 1974 Élection de Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. [34] However, when he learned that most Frenchmen were somewhat cool to this display of informality, Giscard became so aloof and distant that his opponents frequently attacked him as being too far removed from ordinary citizens. Pasqua had been elected a senator representing the Hauts-de-Seine. After serving as Minister of Finance under prime ministers Jacques Chaban-Delmas and Pierre Messmer, he won the presidential election of 1974 with 50.8% of the vote against François Mitterrand of the Socialist Party. [72] In an article for Le Monde in June 2007, published in English translation by The Irish Times, he said that a "divide and ratify" approach, whereby "public opinion would be led to adopt, without knowing it, the proposals we dare not present to them directly", would be unworthy and would reinforce the idea that the construction of Europe was being organised behind the public's backs by lawyers and diplomats;[73][74] the quotation was taken out of context by prominent supporters of a "no" vote and distorted to give the impression that Giscard was advocating such a deception, instead of repudiating it. [24] In the election, Giscard finished well ahead of Chaban-Delmas in the first round, though coming second to Mitterrand. [39] Raymond Barre, called the "best economist in France" at the time, succeeded him. [15], In 1956, he was elected to the National Assembly as a deputy for the Puy-de-Dôme département, in the domain of his maternal family. He gave major cabinet positions to Simone Veil as Minister of Health and Françoise Giroud as secretary for women's affairs. Abonnez-vous http://bit.ly/inapolitique6 mai 1974Portrait de Valery Giscard d'Estaing, candidat au deuxième tour des élections présidentielles. Member of the Gaullist majority: 1962–1974, Emmanuel Mourlon-Druol, "Filling the EEC leadership vacuum? [11] In 1969, unlike most of FNRI's elected officials, Giscard advocated a "no" vote in the constitutional referendum concerning the regions and the Senate, while De Gaulle had announced his intention to resign if the "no" won. Archive - 22/04/1974 - RTF / ORTF - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing se présente aux Français. One of the notable achievements of his presidency was France’s role in the strengthening of the European Economic Community. [81], Giscard's name was often shortened to "VGE" by the French media. In 1975 he invited the heads of government from West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States to a summit in Rambouillet, to form the Group of Six major economic powers (now the G7, including Canada). [12], Giscard's private life was the source of many rumours at both national and international level. [11] He then joined the French First Army and served until the end of the war. [35][page needed], In domestic policy, the president's reforms worried the conservative electorate and the Gaullist party, especially the law by Simone Veil legalising abortion. Veil confronted the abortion issue.[27][28]. He turned to Prime Minister Raymond Barre in 1976, who advocated numerous complex, strict policies ("Barre Plans"). [20] As chairman of the National Assembly Committee on Finances, he criticised his successor in the cabinet. Giroud worked to improve access to meaningful employment and to reconcile careers with childbearing. [10], Valéry Giscard d'Estaing was a close friend of West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt and together they persuaded Europe's lesser powers to hold regular summit meetings, and set up the European Monetary System. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing naît le 2 février 1926 à Coblence (Allemagne). [11] During the 1988 presidential campaign, he refused to choose publicly between the two right-wing candidates, his two former Prime Ministers Jacques Chirac and Raymond Barre. [92] He was hospitalised again on 15 November,[93] but was discharged on 20 November. [12], In 1948, he spent a year in Montreal, Canada, where he worked as a teacher at Collège Stanislas. [22], Throughout his political career, Giscard was a proponent of a greater European Union. [85] He denied the accusation. France under his administration was thus the last country in the European Community and, had the United States not reinstated it, the last in the Western world to apply the death penalty. [94], He died from complications attributed to COVID-19 on 2 December 2020[10] at the age of 94. However, his popularity suffered from the economic downturn that followed the 1973 energy crisis, marking the end of the "Trente Glorieuses" (thirty glorious years of prosperity after 1945). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing qui s’est éteint à l’âge de 94 ans des suites du Covid-19 appartenait à la noblesse. Updates? The creation of the European Council in 1974. [7] His mother was the daughter of senator and academic Achille Octave Marie Jacques Bardoux, and a granddaughter of minister of state education Agénor Bardoux.[8]. As former president, he was a member of the Constitutional Council. [29], He pushed for the development of the TGV high speed train network and the Minitel telephone upgrade, a precursor of the Internet. [89] It tells the story of a French head of state having a romantic liaison with a character called Patricia, Princess of Cardiff. From 1969 to 1974 he was again finance minister under President Georges Pompidou. [11], He served as President of the UDF from 1988 to 1996, but he was faced with the rise of a new generation of politicians called the rénovateurs ("renovationmen"). Former French president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing is seen in this photo taken Jan. 30, 2020 during an interview in Paris. In 2001 Giscard was appointed by the European Union to chair a convention charged with drafting a constitution for the organization. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, known in his country as Giscard or simply VGE, served as the president of France between 1974-1981. Acting heads of state are denoted by an asterisk. [32], The great crisis that overwhelmed his term was a worldwide economic crisis based on rapidly rising oil prices. [12][11] He was committed to supporting innovative technology, and focused on creating the TGV high-speed rail network, promoting nuclear power, and developing the telephone system. Le temps, lui, est au changement. [21] The Gaullists accused him of being largely responsible for De Gaulle's departure. [83] In 1974, Le Monde reported that he used to leave a sealed letter stating his whereabouts in case of emergency. [33], Giscard initially tried to project a less monarchical image than had been the case for past French presidents. Son aïeul, Jacques Bardoux (1874-1959), sénateur, membre de l'Institut ; son trisaïeul Agénor Bardoux (1829-1897), ministre de l'Instruction publique (1877-1879), sénateur, membre de l'Institut. in, Hibbs Jr, Douglas A., and Nicholas Vasilatos. He wins the 1974 presidential elections by beating his opponent Francois Mitterand becoming the youngest French head of state since 1848. [12] His foreign policy was remembered for his close relationship with West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, and together they persuaded Europe's lesser economic powers to collaborate and form new permanent organisations, especially the European Monetary System and the G-7 system. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est aussi à l'origine de la création du service des archives de la présidence de la République, dès son arrivée au pouvoir en 1974 ; Perrine Ramin-Canavaggio devient le premier chef de ce service, sous l'autorité de Philippe Sauzay, chef du cabinet du président. He served as the secretary of state for finance (1959–62) and was appointed finance minister (1962–66) by President Charles de Gaulle. "Breaking the Gaullian Mould: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and the Modernisation of French Presidential Communication. [31], Economically, Giscard's presidency saw a steady rise in personal incomes, with the purchasing power of workers going up by 29% and that of old age pensioners by 65%. He joined the French Resistance and participated in the Liberation of Paris; during the liberation he was tasked with protecting Alexandre Parodi. DOSSIER - Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, qui présida la France le temps d'un seul mandat, de 1974 à 1981, est décédé le 2 décembre 2020 des suites du Covid-19. With the party firmly…, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing that cost the latter the presidency in the 1981 elections. [95][96][38] His family said that his funeral would be held in "strict intimacy". ", Shields, James. Archive - 12/03/1977 - Antenne 2 - Émission Interneige- Entretien au coin du feu, sketch de Thierry le luron et Pierre Desproges. [36] Although he said he had "deep aversion against capital punishment", Giscard claimed in his 1974 campaign that he would apply the death penalty to people committing the most heinous crimes. Omissions? [22], In 1974, after the sudden death of President Georges Pompidou, Giscard announced his candidacy for the presidency. L'ancien chef de l'État de 1974 à 1981 avait 94 ans. [41], He promoted creation of the European Council at the Paris Summit in December 1974. De 1974 à 1981, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing a séjourné à l'Elysée. His tenure was marked by a more liberal attitude on social issues—such as divorce, contraception, and abortion—and attempts to modernise the country and the office of the presidency, notably launching such far-reaching infrastructure projects as the TGV and the turn towards reliance on nuclear power as France's main energy source. Décembre 2018. Le 27 mai 1974, le centriste Valéry Giscard d’Estaing est élu à l’Elysée, devenant à 48 ans le plus jeune Président de la Ve République – depuis, Emmanuel Macron lui a retiré ce titre. [18][19], However, in 1966, he was dismissed from the cabinet. [85], In 2005 he and his brother bought the castle of Estaing, formerly a possession of the above-mentioned Admiral d'Estaing who was beheaded in 1794. "[80] A few days before he had signed, together with the President of Atomium Culture Michelangelo Baracchi Bonvicini, the European Manifesto of Atomium Culture. Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. [105], Giscard d'Estaing was granted a coat of arms by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark upon his appointment to the Order of the Elephant. Giscard won over Chaban-Delmas in the first round and narrowly defeated Mitterrand in the runoff.…, …minister by newly elected President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing in 1974. L'ancien chef de l'État de 1974 à 1981 avait 94 ans. [12][14] He acceded to the Tax and Revenue Service, then joined the staff of Prime Minister Edgar Faure (1955–1956). With Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Charles Aznavour, Jacques Chirac, Philippe Clay. Giscard lost to Mitterrand by 3 points in the runoff[50] and blamed Chirac for his defeat thereafter. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est décédé à l'âge de 94 ans L'ancien président de la République qui gouverna la France de 1974 à 1981 est décédé, à l'âge de 94 ans ce 2 décembre. 1974, une partie de campagne, 1 DVD, 90 minutes Synopsis. Le dimanche 19 mai 1974, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (48 ans) devient le troisième président de la Ve République en réunissant sur son nom les électeurs de droite et du centre.