This documentary investigates the world of muscles, how they work, the science behind muscles, and much more, taking you on a journey inside the body of two remarkable people. Functional modules comprised of metabolites and pathways showing human-specific changes in skeletal muscle.
A pig BodyMap transcriptome reveals diverse tissue - Nature In the search for KEGG pathways with significant overrepresentation of metabolites showing species-specific concentration profiles, we used all metabolites measured in this study as a background for the hypergeometric and permutation tests. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. More specifically, he explores the area of psychopharmacology,
The motion of the neck is described in terms of rotation, flexion, extension, and side bending (i.e., the motion used to touch the ear to the shoulder). human muscle system, the muscles of the human body that work the skeletal system, that are under voluntary control, and that are concerned with movement, posture, and balance. After second-strand synthesis, the ends of the double-stranded complementary DNA were repaired. Monkeys from the control group were maintained on a standard ad libitum feeding regimen, with two meals each day at 900 and 1600 hours, consisting of 1,100 calories (20 biscuits) of Purina High Protein Monkey Diet, jumbo size (W.F. The PFC samples were dissected from the anterior part of the superior frontal gyrus, a cortical region approximately corresponding to Brodmann area 10. Both of the people in the documentary live with genetic conditions caused by their muscles. Numbers of metabolites with species-specific concentration profiles detected in both [+]LC-MS and []LC-MS datasets. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; HMDB, The splenius capitis and splenius cervicis also assist in neck side bending. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s027. This set was narrowed down to the identified molecules in further functional analysis. What benefit does Jason get from lifting weights at the gym. The star signs show average normalized concentration levels of all cluster peaks within one tissue. Copy of Homeostatic Imbalances of Muscles.pdf, 2.1 Discussion Forum Muscular Sysytem.docx, 1.04 and 1.05 Muscular System Review Guide rev 1.docx, Unit 4 Assignment - ENG4U Media and Poetry Analysis.docx, But stakeholders reacted to this framing by questioning the grounding of the new, Ensure each section has an introductory sentence or two that sets the stage for, Sets Disclosure Standards o Reviews and Audits for Compliance with Regulatory, to be This according to him was because there was no same sex parent Patterns of, Maximum penalty Work Health and Safety Regulation 2017 NSW Current version for 1, Which of these is not a major direct energy conversion device A Magneto, Application for Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.doc, If one believes that God condones hostility and violence then thoughts of God, Each time we make a step away from the root ie a step from a father to one of, social context for family communication Q7.docx, Module 2 Individual Assignment_MBA 546 - Natalia Podporina.docx. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s004. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle and the physiology of muscle contraction are treated at great length in the article muscle. Thus, metabolite concentration differences among tissues could be confirmed by expression-level differences in corresponding genes, and these metabolite concentration differences represent some of the known functional properties of the tissues. (a) Proportions of metabolite concentration changes on the four species evolutionary lineages. In order to identify metabolites affected by postmortem delay, we collected tissue samples from two macaque monkeys that were dissected and frozen 46 hours after death (postmortem samples). Episode 3 Muscles Fri, Jun 11, 2010 60 mins Profiling a 31-year-old with dystonia, a rare movement disorder that causes involuntary contractions of muscles. These characteristics may be involved in causing muscle weakness. extraordinary humans muscles transcript. While this is true for tissues assessed in our studybrain regions, kidney, and musclethis observation might not apply to tissues closely interacting with the environment, such as liver and blood. All selected individuals had no medical history or reported abnormal behavior and were healthy during the strength experiments. The last column shows annotation of peaks identified in the database search. The strength of the pull was registered by an electronic scale placed on the shelf and attached to a rope connecting the handle and the weight. Gospe et al. Documentaries, lectures, and movies. Whether it's telepathy, flight, psychokinesis, shapeshifting, superhuman strength, or some other super-cool power, at one point, we all wished we had some extraordinary power that would make us special from other people. Clustering of species-specific metabolites and KEGG pathways in kidney.
Amazon.com: Extraordinary Humans: Muscles & Skin : Movies & TV National Geographic explores the science of skin by taking us inside the bodies of two extraordinary humans living with puzzling genetic conditions. For reconstruction of the mouse and human junctions, we additionally used mouse genome annotation and homology information. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.g001. prefrontal cortex; RNA-seq, This amazing video follows the lives of two extraordinary humans who suffer from rare muscular diseases and it describes the anatomy and physiology of the muscular system and what happens when this system doesn't work like it should. Yes transfer RNA; V1,
Muscular System - Muscles of the Human Body - Innerbody Get personalized recommendations, and learn where to watch across hundreds of streaming providers. KEGG pathways with significant overrepresentation of metabolites in 13 metabolite peak clusters, obtained by grouping metabolite peaks according to their concentration profiles across tissues. She has Spinal Muscle Atrophy, a condition that causes her muscles to wither away. Copyright: 2014 Bozek et al. Yes These metabolic changes could not be attributed to environmental conditions and were confirmed against the expression of their corresponding enzymes. The animals accepted this type of food and the diet was maintained unchanged for 1 month until the animals were humanely killed. And can they find a way to lower the symptoms? For peaks showing a significant proportion of variation explained by species and speciestissue terms in ANOVA, we performed an additional t-test to identify the species in which the metabolite peak concentration levels were significantly different from the other species. The small muscles of the vertebrae (the multifidi and rotators) help rotate, extend, and side bend the back. Fashion Supplies For Pets extraordinary humans muscles transcript In his new book, The Unseen Body, Dr. Jonathan Reisman offers a guided tour inside the human body, from the remarkable design of our organs . The Zoo enclosures are large and contain objects imitating a natural chimpanzee environment, including climbing facilities. Newscaster$ 2"[in" clip]:" Yeah," it's . For instance, evolution of a large brain in humans, which consumes 20% of the total body energy at rest, has been suggested to involve changes in energy distribution among tissues, as well as adaptation to a nutrition-rich diet [4],[5].
Copy of Extraordinary Humans_ Muscles.docx - Extraordinary Further experiments are needed to investigate the exact extent of muscle performance differences between humans and nonhuman primates, as well as the link between changes in muscle performance and muscle metabolite composition on the human lineage. Agreement between metabolite concentration profiles across the four species measured using LC-MS and GC-MS data and the independently measured CE-MS dataset. . Nevertheless, the 2 months' exposure of macaques to human-like environmental conditions did recapitulate some human-specific metabolic changes, indicating the relevance of our environmental tests. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s005. Funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 31171232, 31250110071, Y23DC41301) and Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant number 2012DFG31940), National Science Foundation (grant BCS-0824531) and James S. McDonnell Foundation (grants 22002078 and 220020293). KEGG pathways containing significant overrepresentation of metabolites showing concentration level changes due to environmental treatment in macaques (condition 1 and/or condition 2). In the pathway-based analysis (i) we tested both the overrepresentation of pathway enzymes with a corresponding expression profile, as well as pathway enzymes with a corresponding expression profile directly linked to the pathway metabolites with species-specific concentration profile or belonging to a tissue-specific cluster. davenport, fl crime rate P.O. View Extraordinary_Human_Muscles from ANATOM Anatomy at Mansfield High, Mansfield. Columns represent metabolites showing species-specific concentration profiles in PFC; rows represent KEGG pathways enriched in the respective metabolites. For Nomads, eating leftovers from supermarkets and
BRAINS PLUS BRAWN | Edge.org Colors show higher (red) and lower (blue) concentration levels in humans compared with the other two primate species. Genes showing differences in expression level in a particular species tissue compared with all other species in the same tissue, within the upper or lower 5% quintile of the difference distribution, were classified as species-specific in a given tissue. (c) Numbers of pathways with significant enrichment of metabolites in the 13 metabolite clusters.
The preliminary transcript map of a human skeletal muscle For this reason, throughout the study we compared the relative proportions of change among species within each tissue, without comparing the differences in species-specific change among composite and individual tissues.
Watch Extraordinary Humans Online | Season 1 (2010) | TV Guide For comparison, overlap with metabolites showing chimpanzee-specific concentration profiles is also shown. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.g002. In chimpanzee and macaque experiments, the handle was placed inside a cage and the individual was encouraged to displace the shelf (by pulling from the handle) to bring food within her reach. The quite interesting textual alternative. This can involve functional changes due to brain damage or structural changes due to learning. The colors within the bars show proportions of metabolite peaks with concentration changes specific to the corresponding lineages.
13 Humans With Real-Life X-Men Mutant Super Powers It is an umbrella term referring to the brain's ability to change, reorganize, or grow neural networks. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. No, Is the Subject Area "Metabolites" applicable to this article? Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany, Affiliation Pooled samples were measured after every 40th sample, providing us information on system performance (sensitivity and retention time consistency), sample reproducibility, and compound stability over the time of the MS-based analysis. 31year old Jason Dunn lives with Dystonia, a rare disorder that causes his brain to send faulty messages to his muscular system. extraordinary humans muscles transcript.
Extraordinary Humans: Muscles | DocumentaryTube Subsequently, fibers were classified under light microscopy as type I, IIa, and IIx fibers. Despite the potential significance of metabolic changes to evolution of the human phenotype, few studies of human-specific metabolic features exist.
, Extraordinary humans : muscles & skin, produced by Authentic Entertainment Inc. ; executive producers, Lauren Lexton, Tom Rogan, (videorecording), National Geographic Channel (Television station : Washington, D.C.), produced by Authentic Entertainment Inc. ; executive producers, Lauren Lexton, Tom Rogan, http://bibfra.me/vocab/lite/collectionName, Extraordinary humans (Television program), http://library.link/vocab/relatedWorkOrContributorDate, http://library.link/vocab/relatedWorkOrContributorName, [Episode 1].
Amazon.com: Customer reviews: Extraordinary Humans: Muscles & Skin arbitrary units; CBC, Listen to the MP3 Audio here: Change your mindset, change the game by Dr. Alia Crum at TEDxTraverseCity Dr. Alia Crum - Assistant Professor of Psychology; Stanford University So today, I'm going to Dr. Alia Crum: Change Your Mindset . The human brain is a 3-pound (1.4-kilogram) mass of jelly-like fats and tissuesyet it's the most complex of all known living structures. To further deepen our understanding of metabolite concentration changes accompanying recent human evolution, as well as to shed light on the general dynamics of metabolome evolution, we conducted a comprehensive metabolome survey across five tissues of humans, chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, and laboratory mice based on over 10,000 metabolic compounds. This indicates that during the last 67 million years of human evolution, human muscle metabolome underwent greater change than the mouse metabolome did over the approximately 130 million years separating mice from the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees, and macaques. Literally, her studio where she does her work, and her framing is right next to her little kitchen.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s006. RNA-seq data summary. Asterisks colored according to the tissues show the proportions of metabolite peaks with significant concentration divergence on the human lineage relative to the chimpanzee linage. Neurons are found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems The axon of the neuron contains the nucleus All neurons have myelin sheaths Dendrites, Which statement is true regarding the skeletal system? With hundreds of free documentaries published and categorised every month, there's something for every taste. Extraordinary Humans Documentaries medicine disease health medicine Favorite trailer magnet YEAR: 2010 | LENGTH: 4 parts ( 46 minutes each ) | SOURCE: NATGEO description: National Geographic explores the science behind bones, blood, muscles, and skin. Within each tissue we could further observe grouping according to species identity (Figure 1c). You can customize a TED-Ed Animation, or visit our video . how to play hungry pumpkin game; oswald mosley family tree; swosu football roster 2021; list of rotary district governors In addition, we tested 15 teenagers (1314 years, seven females, eight males, body mass 4369 kg, mean 53 kg7 kg) with ages corresponding to the ages of the tested macaques and some of the tested chimpanzees. Human line testing over. CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, China, Yeah, people have them, but not everyone is able to pop em out like this guy. We used the resulting annotation to assign the metabolites to specific KEGG [34] pathways and inspected metabolic pathways overrepresented in the two types of metabolite groups found in our analysis: clusters of all peaks and peaks showing species-specific concentration levels in different tissues. The phylogenetic tree above the bars shows the human (red) and chimpanzee (orange) evolutionary lineages, as well as the lineage connecting the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees with macaques (gray). Each circle represents an individual sample colored according to species. YEAR: 2010 | LENGTH: 4 parts (46 minutes each) | SOURCE:NATGEO. With very few exceptions, the arrangement of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle in humans is identical to the arrangement found in other vertebrate animals. Based on shared metabolites, these pathways could be further grouped into functional units. Peak smoothing (nine data points) and alignment were performed within msPeak for each mass trace separately using peak spread and peak gap to neighboring peaks. Summary of DMD (BMD, DXS142, DXS164, DXS206, DXS230, DXS239, DXS268, DXS269, DXS270, DXS272, MRX85) expression in human tissue. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Also followed: a 41-year-old man with spinal muscle atrophy, which has caused his muscles to wither away. Furthermore, in 61 of the 100 pathways, the metabolites and enzymes that showed consistent species-specific profiles were directly linked, while only 12 pathways would be expected by chance (permutation p<0.01). Transcriptional profiling reveals extraordinary diversity among skeletal muscle tissues Erin E Terry,1Xiping Zhang,2Christy Hoffmann,1Laura D Hughes,3Scott A Lewis,1Jiajia Li,1Matthew J Wallace,1Lance A Riley,2Collin M Douglas,2Miguel A Gutierrez-Monreal,2Nicholas F Lahens,4Ming C Gong,5Francisco Andrade,5Karyn A Esser,2and Michael E Hughes1 He is Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Skeletal Muscle Health. The modules (metabolite groups) are shown in Figure S12. She is still the woman who holds the record for having the smallest human waist, measuring 38.1 centimeters around about the size of a "regular jar of mayonnaise," her site says. By contrast, the effects of sex, age, and tissue preservation on metabolite concentration variation were substantially smaller: on average <1, 12, and 8% of all the assayed metabolite peaks were affected by one of these factors, respectively (Figure 1d, Table S4). As all human and most chimpanzee samples were not collected immediately after death, we removed from further analysis 636 peaks with concentrations affected by postmortem delay (Table S3). The average concentration profile of all peaks within a cluster is traced with colored lines.
Extraordinary Humans | Richland Library _____600,000_____ How much particles of skin do we shed each hour? View Copy of Extraordinary Humans_ Muscles.docx from ENGLISH AP at Ardrey Kell High. Following the pathway enrichment analysis, in each species-specific metabolite group, metabolites belonging to two or more KEGG pathways and sharing more than two-thirds of the overrepresented pathways were incrementally grouped into functional units until no two metabolites sharing sufficient numbers of pathways could be grouped together. While the molecular mechanism linking metabolic divergence with changes in muscular strength on the human evolutionary lineage cannot be determined based on our observations alone, we hypothesize that metabolic evolution of human muscle and brain metabolomes may have occurred in parallel. Neck extension is the opposite of flexion and is accomplished by many of the same muscles that are used for other neck movements, including the splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles. Peaks showing significant difference (t-test p<0.01, permutation p<0.01) in condition 1 or condition 2 samples and showing the same direction of change in the human samples (elevated or decreased) were classified as affected by environmental change in condition 1 or condition 2, respectively. The Table lists: pathway names and IDs, pathway p-Values, numbers of pathway metabolites showing human-specific concentration profiles, numbers of enzymes showing human-specific expression profiles, numbers of pairs of directly linked enzymes and metabolites with human-specific and concentration level profiles, as well as p-Values indicating probabilities of finding equal or greater numbers of enzymes or linked enzymes in metabolites sets randomly sampled 100 times. The coloring of the profiles corresponds to the coloring in Figure 2a.
What Darwin Never Knew NOVA | PBS Step 1: Create your TED-Ed account. The cerebellum is working to control your decision making process. Ami Ankileweitz has Spinal Muscle Atrophy, a condition that has caused his muscles to wither away.Read more: http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/extraordinary-humans/4923/Overview#ixzz1IBm1P14e [23]. Fibers of different types were counted in cross-sections of frozen tissue samples from nine adult chimpanzee individuals. For calendar planning purposes, please note that our third quarter fiscal year 2022 earnings conference call has been tentatively scheduled for Tuesday, August 2, 2022. Dr. Stuart Phillips. false discovery rate; GC-MS, Airing December 21, 2011 at 9 pm on PBS Aired December 21, 2011 on PBS Accelerated changes in metabolite concentrations in brain and skeletal muscle on the human evolutionary lineage may, therefore, represent some of the molecular underpinnings of this evolutionary process. In Stock. The monkeys were randomly assigned to three groups, control (three individuals), condition 1 (six individuals) and condition 2 (six individuals). Numbers of metabolite peaks affected by postmortem delay across datasets and tissues. The CBC samples were dissected from the lateral part of the cerebellar hemispheres. 31-year old Jason Dunn lives with Dystonia, a rare disorder that causes his brain to send faulty messages to his muscular system. After 30 seconds of vortexing and 15 min of centrifugation at 4C, 300 l, the aqueous phase was transferred to an ultrafiltration tube (Millipore). (d) Proportions of enzymes with matching species-specific expression profiles linked to species-specific metabolites in a given tissue normalized by the number of enzymes with expression profiles specific to any species in this tissue. Rhesus macaque samples were obtained from the Suzhou Experimental Animal Center, China.
Human muscle system | Functions, Diagram, & Facts | Britannica The plots show 120 tissue samples from the four species, six samples per species per tissue, selected among all samples used in metabolite measurements. For all teenagers participating in this study, we obtained written consent from their parents in addition to the subjects' assent. Cameras follow a 12-year-old with a bulging vascular malformation caused by abnormal blood vessels as he undergoes a risky procedure to have it diminished. The modules (metabolite groups) are shown in Figure S11. Affiliations Changes in concentrations of these metabolites are thought to be closely related to changes in phenotype. Weight and strength of an individual's pull in each testing session is indicated. We further conducted muscle strength tests in humans, chimpanzees, and macaques. [page needed] The myocardium is the muscle tissue of the heart and forms a thick . Smooth muscle is under involuntary control and is found in the walls of blood vessels and of structures such as the urinary bladder, the intestines, and the stomach. A: Human evolution, at first, seems extraordinary. The anterior and middle scalene muscles, which also are located at the sides of the neck, act ipsilaterally to rotate the neck, as well as to elevate the first rib. Each of these muscles is a discrete organ constructed of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves. CNN's Clarissa Ward reports from Kharkiv. The results suggest that, while humans are characterized by superior cognition, their muscular performance might be markedly inferior to that of chimpanzees and macaque monkeys. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; []LC-MS, The colored bars represent observed distribution of Pearson correlation coefficients between datasets in each tissue; the gray bars represent distributions obtained by 100 random permutations of metabolite labels. here.
Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle - PubMed "The Strength of Great Apes and the Speed of Humans." By contrast, the extent of metabolic divergence on the human evolutionary lineage differed substantially among tissues (Figure 3a,b; Figure S7). For human experiments, a total of 42 human individuals were tested. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s032. Eventually, Fred was found guilty but . Mouse samples were obtained from the mouse facility at Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences. In analyses of species-specific metabolic changes unique to the five individual tissues used in this study, we excluded metabolite peaks with concentration levels specific to a given species and showing the same direction (increase or decrease) of change in multiple tissues within three tissue groups: (i) PFC and V1; (ii) cortex and CBC; (ii) brain, kidney, and muscle. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. For descriptions of disorders that affect the human muscle system, see muscle disease.