Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. But in the reign of William and Mary, the largest number of foreign refugees were Naturalized in these countries, from 1689 to the 3rd July, 1701. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly Calvinistic influence. Most came from northern France (Brittany, Normandy, and Picardy, as well as West Flanders (subsequently French Flanders), which had been annexed from the Southern Netherlands by Louis XIV in 1668-78[83]). [1][2][3], The remaining Huguenots faced continued persecution under Louis XV. In 1840 there were 10 Hubert families living in Louisiana. Hello. The English authorities welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. The names displayed are those for which The National Huguenot Society has received and has on file in its archives documented evidence proving, according to normally accepted genealogical standards, that the individual listed was indeed a . A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. [French, from Old French huguenot, member of a Swiss political movement, alteration (influenced by Bezanson Hugues (c. They were persecuted by Catholic France, and about 300,000 Huguenots fled France for England, Holland, Switzerland, Prussia, and the Dutch and English colonies in the Americas. Janet Gray argues that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated there in French. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. The Huguenots of religion were influenced by John Calvin's works and established Calvinist synods. A number of French Huguenots settled in Wales, in the upper Rhymney valley of the current Caerphilly County Borough. 3rd. In the Dutch-speaking North of France, Bible students who gathered in each other's houses to study secretly were called Huis Genooten ("housemates") while on the Swiss and German borders they were termed Eid Genossen, or "oath fellows", that is, persons bound to each other by an oath. Many families, today, mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. Thera Wijsenbeek, "Identity Lost: Huguenot refugees in the Dutch Republic and its former colonies in North America and South Africa, 1650 to 1750: a comparison". [57], The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration. 4,000 emigrated to the Thirteen Colonies, where they settled, especially in New York, the Delaware River Valley in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey,[22] and Virginia. The Huguenot Memorial Museum was also erected there and opened in 1957. Huguenot Church The origin of the name Huguenot is unknown but believed to have been derived from combining phrases in German and Flemish that described their practice of home worship. Updated on January 12, 2018. Various hypotheses have been promoted. Huguenot refugees also settled in the Delaware River Valley of Eastern Pennsylvania and Hunterdon County, New Jersey in 1725. Many descendants of the French Huguenots in South Africa still . The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. It used a derogatory pun on the name Hugues by way of the Dutch word Huisgenoten (literally 'housemates'), referring to the connotations of a somewhat related word in German Eidgenosse ('Confederate' in the sense of 'a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy').[5]. Louisiana had the highest population of Hubert families in 1840. It was named New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France. Apart from the French village name and that of the local rugby team, Fleur De Lys RFC, little remains of the French heritage. The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands. ", "L'affaire des placards, la fin de la belle Renaissance", "18 octobre 1534: l'affaire des placards", "This Day in History 1572: Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre", Provisional Government of the French Republic, "Rise of 'neo-Protestantism' under Macron challenges traditional Catholic-secular approach to politics", "Welcome to The Huguenot Society of Australia", "Chronology French Church du Saint-Esprit", "French Huguenots and their descendants genealogy project", "Allocution de M. Franois Mitterrand, Prsident de la Rpublique, aux crmonies du tricentenaire de la Rvocation de l'Edit de Nantes, sur la tolrance en matire politique et religieuse et l'histoire du protestantisme en France, Paris, Palais de l'UNESCO, vendredi 11 octobre 1985", "Bayonne Online The first reference to Bayonne in history is in 1609 when Henry Hudson stopped there before proceeding on his journey up the river which would later bear his name. [25][26], The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages, Arpitan or Franco-Provenal, had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer Peter Waldo (Pierre de Vaux). The Weavers, a half-timbered house by the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830. Bette Davis (1908-1989), American actress, descended from the Huguenot Favor family on her mother's side. Ultimately, whatever the roots, the meaning of the term . Both before and after the 1708 passage of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act, an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and French Huguenots fled to England, with many moving on to Ireland and elsewhere. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset. Most of the cities in which the Huguenots gained a hold saw iconoclast riots in which altars and images in churches, and sometimes the buildings themselves torn down. The Huguenots are generally well-documented and it is often possible to trace them to their French home town. Huguenots lived on the Atlantic coast in La Rochelle, and also spread across provinces of Normandy and Poitou. The main provincial towns and cities experiencing massacres were Aix, Bordeaux, Bourges, Lyons, Meaux, Orlans, Rouen, Toulouse, and Troyes.[47]. "[10], Some have suggested the name was derived, with similar intended scorn, from les guenon de Hus (the 'monkeys' or 'apes of Jan Hus'). (It has been adapted as a restaurantsee illustration above. "Trees without roots fall over!" ""People who never look backward to their ancestors will never look forward to posterity." - Edmund Burke. [86] There was a small naval Anglo-French War (16271629), in which the English supported the French Huguenots against King Louis XIII. [16] Hans J. Hillerbrand, an expert on the subject, in his Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set claims the Huguenot community reached as much as 10% of the French population on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, declining to 7 to 8% by the end of the 16th century, and further after heavy persecution began once again with the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685. [112] Significant Huguenot settlements were in Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal. Some fled as refugees to the Dutch Cape Colony, the Dutch East Indies, various Caribbean colonies, and several of the Dutch and English colonies in North America. It was still illegal, and, although the law was seldom enforced, it could be a threat or a nuisance to Protestants. Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them. The Huguenots. Mine started well with 2 Huguenot children, Peter and Mary Petit, arriving from France all alone. Helped establish the Scottish weaving trade. Their Principles Delineated; Their Character Illustrated; Their Sufferings and Successes Recorded by William Henry Foote; Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 1870 - 627, The Huguenots: History and Memory in Transnational Context: Essays in Honour and Memory of by Walter C. Utt, From a Far Country: Camisards and Huguenots in the Atlantic World by Catharine Randall, Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhsz, Guido Latr (eds), Fischer, David Hackett, "Champlain's Dream", 2008, Alfred A. Knopf Canada, article on EIDupont says he did not even emigrate to the US and establish the mills until after the French Revolution, so the mills were not operating for theAmerican revolution. Persecution of Protestants officially ended with the Edict of Versailles, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities. The surnames Boileau and Des Voeux have disappeared from this locality only a few years ago, General Boileau and Major Des Voeux with their families having left Portarlington. Most of the refugees from the German . Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry at the time. They settled at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and New Netherland in North America. By 1600, it had declined to 78%,[citation needed] and was reduced further late in the century after the return of persecution under Louis XIV, who instituted the dragonnades to forcibly convert Protestants, and then finally revoked all Protestant rights in his Edict of Fontainebleau of 1685. The collection includes family histories, a library, and a picture archive. They assimilated with the predominantly Pennsylvania German settlers of the area. Peter married into a family of physicians and had a son Peter jnr. L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit in New York, founded in 1628, is older, but it left the French Reformed movement in 1804 to become part of the Episcopal Church. While many family histories are given at length . It sought an alliance between the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. I'll say a word about it to settle the doubts of those who have strayed in seeking its origin. 24 July, A.D. 1550. 1491-1532? du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier, established the Eleutherian gunpowder mills. Family name was not found in records of the Huguenot Society several years ago, and little follow-up has been made since then, hence my interest in participating in this project. Huguenot Memorial Park in Jacksonville, Florida. New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound, seemed to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York. William and Mary Quarterly. The museum is situated on the second floor of the tourist information centre, and entry cost us 4.50 each fora ticket that is valid for a year. Calvinists lived primarily in the Midi; about 200,000 Lutherans accompanied by some Calvinists lived in the newly acquired Alsace, where the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia effectively protected them. Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry. Peace terms called for the dismantling of the city's fortifications. huguenotstreet.org is ranked #2002 in the Hobbies and Leisure > Ancestry and Genealogy category and #7843378 Globally according to January 2023 data. Kathy is a member of the Huguenot Society. [45] The Michelade by Huguenotes against Catholics was later on 29 September 1567. The ancestral listing on our website is an "open listing" which means it is periodically updated from time to time as new information becomes available. Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of Baden, Franconia (Principality of Bayreuth, Principality of Ansbach), Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Duchy of Wrttemberg, in the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts, in the Palatinate and Palatine Zweibrcken, in the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt), in modern-day Saarland; and 1,500 found refuge in Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony. Many of these settlers were given land in an area that was later called Franschhoek (Dutch for 'French Corner'), in the present-day Western Cape province of South Africa. An estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and Huguenots fled to England, about 10,000 of whom moved on to Ireland around the 1690s. The Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958-1966 was born in the Netherlands. Among the Huguenots who left were a group of families from northern France, located near Calais, and what is now southern Belgium. Below is a partial list of Huguenot Ancestors who relate to current Members of the Society. [84] This was a huge influx as the entire population of the Dutch Republic amounted to c.2million at that time. Augeron Mickal, Didier Poton et Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, dir.. Augeron Mickal, John de Bry, Annick Notter, dir., This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02. Concord, Erie Co, New York; Popular names: Briggs, Field, Bloodgood, Vaughan, Spaulding, Seymour However, these measures disguised the growing tensions between Protestants and Catholics. ), Swiss political leader) of dialectal eyguenot, from German dialectal Eidgenosse, confederate, from Middle High German eitgenz : eit . [18] He wrote in French, but unlike the Protestant development in Germany, where Lutheran writings were widely distributed and could be read by the common man, it was not the case in France, where only nobles adopted the new faith and the folk remained Catholic. Huguenots with that surname are not only found in French Switzerland, but also emigrated from . Huguenots fled first to neighboring countries, the Netherlands, the Swiss cantons, England, and some German states, and a few thousand of them farther away to Russia, Scandinavia, British North America, and the Dutch Cape colony in southern Africa.About 2,000 Huguenots settled in New York, South Carolina, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island in the . Huguenot descendants sometimes display this symbol as a sign of reconnaissance (recognition) between them. Frenchtown in New Jersey bears the mark of early settlers.[22]. The community they created there is still known as Fleur de Lys (the symbol of France), an unusual French village name in the heart of the valleys of Wales. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy. While most of the settlers in Volga (and later Black Sea) villages were German, there were also settlers from other European countries. Page 449. Dr Kathleen Chater has been tracing her own family history for over 30 years. The Hubert family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. [76] Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbours. This action would have fostered relations with the Swiss. Huguenot exiles in the United Kingdom, the United States, South Africa, Australia, and a number of other countries still retain their identity.[20][21]. Huguenots were Nobles, Doctors, Lawyers, Historians, Intellectuals, Craftsman and Artisans and loyal to the Crown. His successor Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, was more intolerant of Protestantism. What is clear is that the surname, Jaques, is a Huguenot name. [citation needed], These tensions spurred eight civil wars, interrupted by periods of relative calm, between 1562 and 1598. Are you a descendant of a Huguenot Family? 1609 Group of Flemish Huguenots settled in Canongate, Scotland. Most South African Huguenots settled in the, The majority of Australians with French ancestry are descended from Huguenots. Ancient relics and texts were destroyed; the bodies of saints exhumed and burned. When in 1808 a law signed by Napoleon forced all French Jews to take hereditary surnames, local Jews retained the family names they used for many centuries such as Crmieu (x), Milhaud, Monteux . The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society. They hid them in secret places or helped them get out of Vichy France. He wrote in his book, The Days of the Upright, A History of the Huguenots (1965), that Huguenot is: a combination of a Dutch and a German word. The collection includes family histories, a library, and a picture archive. A. Roche promoted this idea among historians. The roads to Geneva and the Valais region led to Lausanne, which was densely . These surnames are most common in South Africa due to the immigration of the French Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century. This ended legal recognition of Protestantism in France and the Huguenots were forced to either convert to Catholicism (possibly as Nicodemites) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. In 1564, Ribault's former lieutenant Ren Goulaine de Laudonnire launched a second voyage to build a colony; he established Fort Caroline in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. Reply. In the south, towns like Castres, Montauban, Montpellier and Nimes were Huguenot strongholds. As both spoke French in daily life, their court church in the Prinsenhof in Delft held services in French. The exodus brought new crafts and practices to the host nations and represented a substantial loss to the former nation states. A list of submitted surnames in which the usage is Hungarian (page 2). Anglicised names such as Tyzack, Henzey and Tittery are regularly found amongst the early glassmakers, and the region went on to become one of the most important glass regions in the country.[106]. If you would like any more information, please email admin@huguenotmuseum.org or call on 01634 789 347. Edward VI granted them the whole of the western crypt of Canterbury Cathedral for worship. Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in France. By 1687 Huguenots made up about 20 percent of the population of Berlin, making Berlin seem almost as much a French town as a German one. They were regarded as groups supporting the French Republic, which Action Franaise sought to overthrow. [16] During the same period there were some 1,400 Reformed churches operating in France. [98] Andrew Lortie (born Andr Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass. The Huguenots were French Protestants who were members of the Calvinist Reformed Church that was established in 1550. Joseph de la Plaigne - Just one Huguenot refugee, Muriel Gibbs 14 Connected families from Dieppe 1688 - Bertrand, De La Mare, Lubias 16 Calendars of State Papers (Domestic) Part I, Randolph Vigne 17 The Dansays Family of St. Laurent-de-la-Pre (illustrated), Norman Bishop 18 The Temple of Quvilly, Rouen, Part I, Chris Shelley 21 The Huguenot Church Register of Pons, France: Possible . These were especially poor wretches living in desperate circumstances or mercenaries who had been unemployed since the end of the 30 years war. Other refugees practised the variety of occupations necessary to sustain the community as distinct from the indigenous population. Such economic separation was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the city. This group of Huguenots from southern France had frequent issues with the strict Calvinist tenets that are outlined in many of John Calvin's letters to the synods of the Languedoc. FAQs; Blog; Past Newsletters; Scrapbook; Huguenot Names. The practice has continued to the present day. In October 1985, to commemorate the tricentenary of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, President Franois Mitterrand of France announced a formal apology to the descendants of Huguenots around the world. Gt. William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. The Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. The house derives its name from a weaving school which was moved there in the last years of the 19th century, reviving an earlier use.) During the eighteen months of the reign of Francis II, Mary encouraged a policy of rounding up French Huguenots on charges of heresy and putting them in front of Catholic judges, and employing torture and burning as punishments for dissenters. Other founding families created enterprises based on textiles and such traditional Huguenot occupations in France. [105], Many Huguenots from the Lorraine region also eventually settled in the area around Stourbridge in the modern-day West Midlands, where they found the raw materials and fuel to continue their glassmaking tradition. In addition, many areas, especially in the central part of the country, were also contested between the French Reformed and Catholic nobles. War at home again precluded a resupply mission, and the colony struggled. In 1646, the land was granted to Jacob Jacobson Roy, a gunner at the fort in New Amsterdam (now Manhattan), and named "Konstapel's Hoeck" (Gunner's Point in Dutch). They arrange tours, talks, events and schools programmes to raise the Huguenot profile in Spitalfields and raise funds for a permanent memorial to the Huguenots. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there (which were called the "Walloon churches"). The superstition of our ancestors, to within twenty or thirty years thereabouts, was such that in almost all the towns in the kingdom they had a notion that certain spirits underwent their Purgatory in this world after death, and that they went about the town at night, striking and outraging many people whom they found in the streets. Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia. The crown, occupied by the House of Valois, generally supported the Catholic side, but on occasion switched over to the Protestant cause when politically expedient. The origin of the name is uncertain, but it appears to have come from the word aignos, derived from the German Eidgenossen (confederates bound together by oath), which used to describe, between 1520 and 1524, the patriots of Geneva hostile to the duke of Savoy. Today, there are some Reformed communities around the world that still retain their Huguenot identity. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations. ", Heinz Schilling,"Innovation through migration: the settlements of Calvinistic Netherlanders in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Central and Western Europe. [citation needed] Surveys suggest that Protestantism has grown in recent years, though this is due primarily to the expansion of evangelical Protestant churches which particularly have adherents among immigrant groups that are generally considered distinct from the French Huguenot population. The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city. [36], Early in his reign, Francis I (r.15151547) persecuted the old, pre-Protestant movement of Waldensians in southeastern France. Early ties were already visible in the Apologie of William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers.