1532-1625. Nonetheless, she became a great patron of the arts, funding other young artists and helping them develop their careers. Biographie. On the boat journey up the Italian coast, Anguissola met and fell in love with the ship's captain, Orazio Lomellino. Sofonisba Anguissola was an artist who came from a noble family in Cremona (northern Italy). From 1584 until about 1616–20 the couple is known to have lived in Genoa. Perhaps owing to her gender, after her death her reputation died until she was rediscovered in the 1970s by Western feminists. She also completed a portrait of the queen at the request of Pope Pius IV, and numerous full-size and miniature portraits of Spanish royals and courtiers, inventing new ways to show her subjects formally but with the life-like quality that gained her praise from Italian and Spanish art writers and collectors. She was born around 1535 or a little earlier in Cremona, Lombardy, a north … During her time at the Spanish court, Anguissola tutored the queen in drawing and painting. Near the end of her life, on July 12, 1624, she was visited by the young Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck, who recorded her advice to him and sketched the elderly painter in his notebook. The artist then decided to return to northern Italy, perhaps to be near her family. 1530, Cremona, d. 1625, Palermo) in the Web Gallery of Art, a searchable image collection and database of European art and architecture (200-1900) Self-portrait, oil on canvas by Sofonisba Anguissola, 1550s; Museo Poldi Pezzoli, Milan. Amilcare Anguissola with his children Minerva and Asdrubale by Sofonisba Anguissola is another Anguissola family intern. Sofonisba was the oldest and had a brother and five younger sisters, three of whom she taught to paint. She was born around 1535 or a little earlier in Cremona, Lombardy, a north … Under his tutelage she became further acquainted with the painting styles of Correggio and Parmigianino, and gained a taste for everyday scenes. From overcoming oppression, to breaking rules, to reimagining the world or waging a rebellion, these women of history have a story to tell. Anguissola’s reputation spread, and in 1559 she was invited to Madrid, to the court of Philip II, where, in addition to painting portraits, she was an attendant to the infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia (later the archduchess of Austria) and a lady-in-waiting to Philip’s third wife, Elizabeth of Valois. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sofonisba-Anguissola, The Art Story - Biography of Sofonisba Anguissola, Europeana Collections - Biography of Sofonisba Anguissola. The vast majority of women artists from 15th and 16th centuries were daughters of established masters, but she was an exception. 1, pp. Sofonisba was the oldest of seven children, six daughters and a son, born to Amilcare Anguissola and Bianca Ponzone. Sofonisba Anguissola naît dans une famille de la petite noblesse de Lombardie (dans le nord de l’Italie), elle est l’aîné d’une fratrie de six filles et un garçon. While she doesn't appear to have been apprenticed to him, she corresponded with him through letters. In Spain, Anguissola developed a nuanced yet clever style of portraiture that suited her royal patrons' need for propaganda, combining the formal German and Venetian styles established by Antonis Mor and Titian. Her fame and wealth during her lifetime was extremely important in opening the doors of the world of fine art to... View Sofonisba Anguissola Complete Biography When looking at Sofonisba Anguissola’s paintings, my favorite is certainly her early portrait entitled, The Chess Game, depicting three of her sisters during a riveting match. About 30 of her paintings from this period, including many self-portraits and the well-known Lucia, Minerva, and Europa Anguissola Playing Chess (1555), survived into the 21st century. As he sketched her, they conversed on the 'true principles' of painting, and van Dyck later claimed that this conversation taught him more about painting than anything else in his life. "Sofonisba Anguissola Artist Overview and Analysis". Biographie et œuvre de Sofonisba Anguissola (1532-1625) avec de nombreuses illustrations Shop for Products Designed by Independent Artists and Iconic Brands Browse and purchase art prints, posters, tapestries, greeting cards, phone cases, yoga mats, and more … They joined the household of Bernardino Campi as apprentices in 1545. The artist served as his agent in Genoa, recommending art and artists for his new palace at El Escorial. She is considered a Mannerist painter. Refuting the Renaissance-era belief that women lacked creativity and intelligence, Italian Sofonisba Anguissola (1532-1625) became a first-rate painter hailed by Vasari, Michelangelo and Van Dyck. She produced religious paintings that included dramatic light effects, and new portraits of the grown infantas, who visited her on their way to meet their own husbands in Savoy and Vienna. Sofonisba's father was an aristocrat. Anguissola lived in Genoa for 35 years, where she continued to draw attention as a celebrity. Nonetheless, her level of learning seemed to people who met her to be truly exceptional, as was her ability in painting. By 1559, her fame as a female portrait painter had spread outside Italy, and King Philip II of Spain requested that she become a lady-in-waiting to his young queen, Elisabeth of Valois. During this period of her life, through the influence of her father, she also received encouragement from Michelangelo, copying a drawing he sent her and sending it to him for his appraisal. -1625), portraitiste et artiste de genre de la Renaissance, internationalement respecté, prospéra en tant que peintre professionnel dans un milieu dominé par les hommes. Britannica describes him as wealthy and Wikipedia, as impoverished. At his death in 1579, she gifted a local church with an altarpiece. Michelangelo advised and critiqued her work, which helped her develop her skills as a painter. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In providing this education above and beyond expectations, Amilcare perhaps sought to increase her chances of an advantageous marriage when she came of age - after all, he himself had made such convenient marriage to Bianca, who was slightly higher than him in social rank. Su padre animó a sus hijas (Sofonisba, Elena, Lucia, Europa, Minerva y Ana María) a perfeccionar sus talentos. Femme Peintre Portrait Femme Vêtements De La Renaissance Vêtements Historiques Peintres Italiens Histoire De La Mode Veste He was only 24, but already a star in the art world. The rich gifts she had received as compensation for her paintings were listed in her marriage contract, demonstrating her immense success at court. She was one of the first known female artists and one of the first women artists to establish an international reputation. While members of the nobility were expected to have knowledge of the arts, it was not conventional for them to pursue the arts professionally. Despite her age, van Dyck claimed that Anguissola was still very mentally sharp, albeit her eyesight had weakened. No less a commentator than Giorgio Vasari, who saw her work in her father’s house in 1566, noted in his Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects that she had “worked with deeper study and greater grace than any woman of our times at problems of design, for not only has she learned to draw, paint, and copy from nature, and reproduce most skillfully works by other artists, but she has on her own painted some most rare and beautiful paintings.”. The merchant families of the city were becoming wealthier, building great palaces and commissioning art. In addition to commissioned portraits and a minor amount of allegorical religious art, Anguissola produced luminous, energetic paintings of family groupings, including a much admired portrait of her sister Minerva in courtly dress and resplendent gold jewelry. In her later years she was unable to paint owing to a progressive blindness. In 1624, the year before Anguissola's death, the Dutch painter, Anthony van Dyck visited her. Sofonisba was born in Cremona (Lombardy). A boon to historians, the depictions Sofonsiba painted of home life to hang in their Cremona palazzo preserve minute autobiographical details of furnishings, hairstyles, dress, art objects, and activities. In 1615, Anguissola and Orazio moved to Palermo, where he conducted most of his business. Growing up in her native Cremona, a northern Italian city then under Spanish dominion, Sofonisba developed under the careful guidance of her ambitious and erudite father. In his workshop, Anguissola learned to copy from established masters, such as Parmigianino, although she preferred to paint from life. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Like in Genoa, numerous artists sought her advice. Summary of Sofonisba Anguissola Sofonisba Anguissola was the first female artist of the Renaissance to achieve international fame during her lifetime. Aboard a ship bound for Cremona late in 1579, Anguissola met the captain, a Genoese nobleman by the name of Orazio Lomellino, and in January 1580 she married him. Updates? At the very least, he wished to give Anguissola some degree of independence, as some of his wealthier relatives had done for their daughters. It is thought that this sketch inspired the important Baroque artist Caravaggio to paint his Boy Bitten by a Lizard (1594-95). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. This classical education would have included studying Latin, Ancient Greek and Roman writers, painting and music, as well as contemporary humanist authors. Les femmes peintres existent depuis l'Antiquité (et sans doute avant...) mais peu d'entre elles nous sont connues. Sofonisba Anguissola, Self-Portrait holding a medallion with the Letter's of her Father's Name, early 1550s. As a young woman, Anguissola traveled to Rome where she was introduced to Michelangelo, who immediately recognized he… While it would be incorrect to assign Anguissola the title of feminist, her success demonstrated that her talent, work and reputation were equal, if not superior, to those of any other artists. BIOGRAPHY Sofonisba Anguissola was born in Cremona, Italy in the year 1532. The oldest of seven—six girls and one boy—Anguissola was born into a wealthy family. During this later period, she was influenced by the work of the Genoese painter Luca Cambiaso. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. After her initial training, she met Michelangelo while in Rome when she was 23. Her ability to represent a believable likeness imbued with the personality of the sitter later became one of the hallmarks of Baroque portraiture. Sofonisba Anguissola est une portraitiste maniériste de la fin XVIe et début du XVIIe siècle. Sofonisba Anguissola (circa 1532 - 1625), was an Italian painter of the late Renaissance. Née vers 1532, à Crémone, dans une famille de petite noblesse, du mariage d'Amilcare Anguissola et de Bianca Ponzoni, Sofonisba Anguissola a été l'une des premières femmes peintres à atteindre, de son vivant, les sommets de la scène artistique européenne . While beginning to earn a living, Sofonisba also taught her sisters Lucia, Europa, and Anna Maria to paint. Kathleen Kuiper was Senior Editor, Arts & Culture, Encyclopædia Britannica until 2016. She also edited. Doubtless, Anguissola was among the most-accomplished painters of the late Renaissance. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Anguissola's success may have inspired a larger number of female artists than before, including Lavinia Fontana and Artemisia Gentileschi, who ignored social expectations of female domesticity and female seclusion to the private, domestic sphere. It is very likely that Anguissola also collaborated in some of his commissions, the paintings she produced in the early 1550s show a sense of innovation that became one of her hallmarks: imbuing portraits with narrative and intellectual nuances. Michelle Bianchini signale que Boccace dans son De claris mulieribus (1374) cite plusieurs femmes peintres de l'Antiquité, en particulier la romaine Marcie. Sofonisba Anguissola nació el 2 de febrero de 1532 en Cremona. Sofonisba Anguissola, 1535?-1625 Biografia By Vincenzo Lancetti in Biografia cremonese, vol. Campi was a young Mannerist artist who had met Giulio Romano while working in Mantua; he had gained quick fame for his elegant compositions upon his return to Cremona. She was widowed about 1579. Sofonisba Anguissola Biography Encouraged by Michelangelo and praised by Vasari for the graceful style and artistic originality of her portraits, Sofonisba Anguissola was one of the few woman artists to achieve international renown during the Renaissance. Growing up in her native Cremona, a northern Italian city then under Spanish dominion, Sofonisba developed under the careful guidance of her ambitious and erudite father. Among female painters, she was unusual in that her father was a nobleman rather than a painter. Sofonisba Anguissola was born in Cremona, Italy in 1532 to Amilcare Anguissola and Bianca Ponzone, both of noble families. In the continuing quest to secure Anguissola a good position, Amilcare introduced her to various courtiers and artists in Northern Italy, advertising her abilities and extending her artistic education. Sofonisba Anguissola Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1532 – 16 November 1625) is the third Renaissance artist we are discussing. When Elisabeth died in 1568, other members of her entourage returned to France but Anguissola remained in Spain at the king's request to educate the young infantas, Isabel Clara Eugenia and Catalina Micaela. Although he was a nobleman, her family did not approve of the marriage (even asking the duke of Florence, Francesco I de' Medici, to intercede). Sofonisba Anguissola, (born c. 1532, Cremona [Italy]—died November 1625, Palermo), late Renaissance painter best known for her portraiture. She was the eldest of seven children, six of whom were girls. 250-60 Milano: G. Borsani, 1819. Her immediate success in this medium - then very popular - is seen in a small self-portrait probably completed that same year. Corrections? Meet extraordinary women who dared to bring gender equality and other issues to the forefront. She worked for the Spanish monarchy, and also developed her career as a portrait-painter in Italy. King Philip, however, approved of the marriage by gifting her with yet another annual rent. Sofonisba continued her training with Bernardino Gatti, through whom she gained an appreciation of the work of Correggio. She was the eldest of seven children. All Rights Reserved. She was the oldest of seven children (six girls and one boy) of Amilcare Anguissola, their father and a member of the Genoese minor nobility. Social scientists study her domestic p… Sofonisba Anguissola (also spelled Anguisciola; c. 1532 - 1625) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance. She was one of the first known female artists and one of the first women artists to establish an international reputation. Anguissola, Sofonisba (1532–1625) Italian artist known for her portraits, who was court painter to Philip II of Spain and the first professional woman artist of the Italian Renaissance. Sofonisba Anguissola Biography Sofonisba Anguissola was a pioneering woman painter of the Italian Renaissance, eventually rising to the status of court painter to the Spanish crown. The queen and the painter became close friends. Sofonisba Anguissola and Lavinia Fontana: ... It’s as much about biography as art. She hosted intellectual gatherings and became friends with up-and-coming artists, including Luca Cambiaso and Bernardo Castello. Born into the minor nobility, Sofonisba was the oldest of six daughters and one son. Like a true Renaissance man, her father, Amilcare Anguissola, was guided by the words of Baldassare Castiglione in Il cortegiano (The Courtier), not least in his consideration regarding the proper education of a young woman. Anguissola is the better of the two. The complex monogram spells out AMILCARE. Although it is hard to pinpoint for how long Anguissola trained in Milan in 1549, Anguissola continued her training with another important Cremonese painter, Bernardino Gatti (Il Sojaro). Biography on Sofonisba “In a famous 1971 essay American art historian Linda Nochlin asked “Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?” Sofonisba Anguissola is a rare example of a famous female artist in the Renaissance. They remained under instruction with Campi for three years until he moved from Cremona to Milan. Amilcare also gave her an extensive humanist education as was expected of all elite children during the Renaissance. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. The red and gold bound book of prayers offers the only source of detail. Sofonisba’s strong will and fierce independence can be attributed a lot to her upbringing by her father who raised all his daughters well and smartly. Although she was once thought to have settled with him in Sicily, recent scholarship suggests that she may have remained in Spain after her marriage. Most of Anguissola’s paintings of this period are no longer extant, having burned in a fire at court during the 17th century. The family lived near the site of the battle of the Trebia, a famous battle between the Romans and Carthaginians. Many of Anguissola's Spanish works perished in a fire at the Royal Alcázar of Madrid in 1734. He painted a soft, intimate portrait of her as a 92-year-old woman, with a pale forehead, a downturned mouth and watery eyes. Name variations: Sephonisba or Sophonisba Angussola or Anguisciola. In 1546 both Sofonisba and Elena, his second daughter, were sent to board in the household of Bernardino Campi, a prominent local painter. Content compiled and written by Ellie Birch , Alejandra Gimenez-Berger, Edited and revised, with Summary and Accomplishments added by Alejandra Gimenez-Berger. She had the ability to create life-like, sophisticated portraits that were intellectually engaging and flattering at the same time. After receiving a drawing of a smiling girl teaching an elderly woman how to read, the master responded that a drawing of a crying boy would perhaps be more challenging. Born into the minor nobility, Sofonisba was the oldest of six daughters and one son. Since her early family portraits, Anguissola's works were permeated with elements of storytelling that elevated regular, everyday scenes into witty visual plays. Biographie de Sofonisba Anguissola Sofonisba Anguissola (1535? The work is an intimate portrait of Anguissola's young brother, Asdrubale, being comforted by the youngest sister, Minerva, who smiles at the crying boy. Sofonisba Anguissola (Sofonisba Anguissola o Anguisciola; Cremona, 1527 - Palermo, 1623) Pintora italiana, la más famosa del Cinquecento en Italia y España. Son père, Amilcare Anguissola, homme cultivé et humaniste, donne à ses filles - dont trois peintres ! In response, Anguissola sent him Boy Bitten by a Crawfish (1554), which highlights not only the draftsmanship which Michelangelo so admired but also her sense of humor. The father's attention is entirely for the male child, second-born, who holds his arm in protection. Sofonisba Anguissola Biography Sofonisba Anguissola was a pioneering woman painter of the Italian Renaissance, eventually rising to the status of court painter to the Spanish crown. Sofonisba Anguissola, Self-Portrait, 1556, Lancut Museum, Poland. En su período de formación en el taller de Bernardino Campi, entre 1546 y 1549, adquirió los fundamentos de su estilo minucioso y pulcro. Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1532 – 16 November 1625), also known as Sophonisba Angussola or Anguisciola, was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Cremona to a relatively poor noble family. Minerva with one hand raises a hem of her dress, of heavy blue brocade, and with the other she holds a bunch of flowers. In a radical move, Amilcare arranged specialized training in painting for Anguissola and her sister Elena. Her formal portraits influenced other artists there. The sitter is usually identified as Elena Anguissola, Sofonisba’s younger sister who had been a student of the painter Bernardino Campi along with Sofonisba, and later entered the monastery of San Vincenzo in Mantua assuming the name of Sister Minerva. ©2021 The Art Story Foundation. Sofonisba was the daughter of Blanca Ponzone and Amilcare Anguissola, a minor noble and land owner in partnership with his father-in-law as a dealer in books, leather, silk, and art supplies. Following an Anguissola family tradition, her parents, Amilcare and Bianca (née Ponzone), gave her an ancient Carthaginian name to emphasize their ancient noble roots and possibly because of their allegiance to the Spanish king. Her father Amilcar Angishola belonged to the chosen aristocratic circle of Genoa. In 1556, Anguissola painted a portrait of Giulio Clovio, a renowned miniaturist, in gratitude for the advice he had given her. She received a well-rounded education that included the fine arts, and her apprenticeship with local painters set a precedent for women to be accepted as students of art. Biography of ANGUISSOLA, Sofonisba (b. ca. Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1532 – 16 November 1625), also known as Sophonisba Angussola or Sophonisba Anguisciola, was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Cremona to a relatively poor noble family. Sofonisba was the daughter of Blanca Ponzone and Amilcare Anguissola, a minor noble and land owner in partnership with his father-in-law as a dealer in books, leather, silk, and art supplies. As scholars have continued to unveil details of her life and production, Anguissola has provided scholars and artists with a key to rethink how we understand the period in which she lived. [Internet]. She is well known for the paintings she made of herself and her family (she was the oldest of seven children). In the meantime, Philip arranged a noble marriage for Anguissola and provided a generous dowry to ensure the stability of her future and perhaps to protect her painting career. Little is known about Anguissola's activities while married to Moncada, but she continued to paint and tutor others. Biographie et tableaux de Sofonisba Anguissola, histoire des femmes peintres du Moyen-Âge à nos jours Two sisters playing chess.From the 1500's yet timeless! Biography [p.250] Sofonisba.La famiglia del conte Amilcare Anguisciola era un vero tempio di Pallade. About 1571, while still in Madrid and with a dowry provided by the king, she married a Sicilian, Fabrizio de Moncada. Foreign artists such as Peter Paul Rubens also copied them because they recognized their superiority, and thus her innovations seeped into the genre. Sofonisba's mother Bianca Ponzone also came from a famous aristocratic family. Sofonisba Anguissola, (born c. 1532, Cremona [Italy]—died November 1625, Palermo), late Renaissance painter best known for her portraiture. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Sofonisba Anguissola was born in 1532 in Cremona, Italy into a noble family of eight and she was the eldest in six daughters. Omissions? Fue la mayor de los siete hijos de Bianca Ponzone y Amilcare Anguissola, perteneciente a la nobleza genovesa. Her work, like that of many early female painters, was often attributed to male painters of the period—in Anguissola’s case, painters as various as Titian, Leonardo da Vinci, Giovanni Battista Moroni, Alonso Sánchez Coello, and Francisco de Zurbarán. Her fame and wealth during her lifetime was extremely important in opening the doors of the world of fine art to women. He recognized her … In 1571, she married the Sicilian Fabrizio de Moncada, regent of Paternò, and they returned to his native Sicily. However, her works had been so successful that even while she resided at court other artists were ordered to make copies of her paintings. It was this type of composition that would interest one of the legendary masters of the Italian Renaissance, Michelangelo Buonarroti.
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