Czech 20 % spoken, 40 % written [8], However, others have suggested that these objections are misguided, as they collapse different concepts of what constitutes a "language".[9]. As a native of Ni, I can say that the Serbo-CroatianMacedonian figures might be roughly on-point. They are native Kajkavian speakers and this is another proof that Kajkavian is actually Slovenian. The person did not understand everything what I wrote. Kajkavian is a dialect of Slovenian language. I also met Croats from Zagreb that never learn Slovenian or live in Slovenia and I thought they are native Slovenian speakers because they can speak Slovenian perfectly. . But akavian being archaic it has old slavic package. Or when I heard the word pobrzajte (hurry up (plural)) it was very interesting to me. What is the basis on which your Serbian friend said that? http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) If one takes the transitional dialects which make a triangle between Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, one can say that it is also one language. A primary challenge to these positions is that speakers of closely related languages can often communicate with each other effectively if they choose to do so. A western Slovak can even understand most of Ruthenians hen they are speaking. In terms In Serbian word order is not that important like it is in English. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. The intelligibility of Polish and Russian is very low, on the order of 5-10%. Jembrigh, Mario. cheers While discussing mutual intelligibility, the author often calls upon bilingual learning; for example, Czech and Slovak are considered highly intelligible because of the strong cross-cultural overlap. I've ne. Page 183 section 481. But thats politics for you. a person with Virgin ears from any where in the Czech republic and west and central Slovakia will understand each other fairly well. [1] Advanced speakers of a second language typically aim for intelligibility, especially in situations where they work in their second language and the necessity of being understood is high. So I asked my Russian wife to listen to some of them (mostly local news on Youtube). Not true about Czech / Slovak inteligibility. He alleges that Sheikh later double-crossed British intelligence. In terms of pronunciation, Ukrainian or Southeastern Yiddish can be considered to occupy an intermediate position between Northeastern and Central Yiddish. There is just a little problem to understand east Slovaks for Czechs from naywhere. The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. Czechs see Slovaks as country bumpkins backwards and folksy but optimistic, outgoing and friendly. This is not necessarily correct in terms of vocabulary, but you will find a lot in common in the grammatical rules . What languages are mutually intelligible with Russian? From a grammatical and morphological perspective, Ukrainian is closer to Russian: they both have East Slavic roots. Also there have been some czecho-slovak shows in TV lately like Czecho-Slovak Idol or Talent with judges and competitors from both countries and I have never heard of anyone who would complain about not understanding. Polish uses Latin letters, just like English. . Personal communication. Saris Slovak has 85% intelligibility of Polish. I think it was mostly due to a learning few high frequency Polish words that are difficult for a Russian native speaker to understand. Polish only a few words. do is the same verb (prim/pri/pri/primo/prite/pre vs. pravam/pravi/pravi/pravime/pravite/pravaat; as opposed to Serbian raditi) I have the hardest time to understand anything of Bulgarian, it sounds really fast and choppy but similar to Russian sometimes. All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. Many Poles insist that Silesian is a Polish dialect, but this is based more on politics than reality. theres a macedonian TV program called Vo Centar, hosted by a macedoanian journalist who goes around the Balkans and interviews prominent names in politics etc. People who live in border regions have an advantage of speaking two languages and can easily comprehand other ones as well. Ukrainian, and Belarusian. As an example, in the case of a linear dialect continuum that shades gradually between varieties, where speakers near the center can understand the varieties at both ends with relative ease, but speakers at one end have difficulty understanding the speakers at the other end, the entire chain is often considered a single language. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages. Intelligibility may be 85%. Robert Lindsay. Sorry for my English, Im still learning itespecially right word order. It is commonly believed that all Slavic languages are fully mutually intelligible, which implies that they are close A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. Student Authored Website. Molise Croatian is a Croatian language spoken in a few towns in Italy, such as Acquaviva Collecroce and two other towns. Belarussian almost completely comprehensible, except a few words. Yet, it is closer to Russian that standard Ukrainian. The dialects of Ukrainian do not differ extensively from one another and are all mutually intelligible. I cant say that I would understand every word, but it is usually not difficult to guess some missing gaps from the context, so I could read professional books in Bulgarian in the past. In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. 60%? slavic mutual newspaper Ni Torlak vowel reflexes are otherwise in line with standard Serbian and Northwestern Macedonian, deriving nuclear /u e i e u r/ from / y * *l *r/; some Torlak dialects towards Kosovo or Bulgaria instead have [l ~ l] for /l/ (giving [v()l(:)k] where Serbian normally has [v:k]) but none in my vicinity. Nevertheless, Bulgarian-Russian intelligibility seems much exaggerated. We speak in our own, or we speak locally. In other cases, I had to rely on the context. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in . Slovak is closely related to Czech, to the point of mutual intelligibility to a very high degree, as well as Polish.Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is a fusional language with a complex system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Apart lack of understandability there are phrases that could be ill understood with famous Polish I am looking for the broom But the language isnt problem. Test only Serbs who know almost no English (they exist in older generation). Western Slovak speakers say Eastern Slovak sounds idiotic and ridiculous, and some words are different, but other than that, they can basically understand it. Italian is partially mutually intelligible with French, Catalan, Sardinian, Spanish, Ladin and Romanian. Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. No, you cannot. BULGARIAN: Balgarskijat ezik e naj-rannijat pismeno dokumentiran slavjanski ezik. Macedonian and Bulgarian are fairly similar but they are not close to being fully mutually intelligible. So I understood 100% But I admit that it was a relatively very easy text. My gues. Czech and Slovak are simply dialects of this one tongue. Thank you very much for this. Also, the question is: -did this Serb speak other Slavic languages? You are probably talking about the study Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages? People from Lviv and larger cities and towns in western Ukraine have a slight clipped accent but they speak standard Ukrainian. Answer (1 of 11): Look, if you're Ukrainian you most likely already speak russian. An academic paper has been published making the case for a separate Balachka language. But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. Id guess mutual intelligibility there is somewhere on the level of 75~80%, which is pretty pathetic. Also cyrillic in Macedonian is almost as same as Serbian, but many Croats dont know or dont want to know cyrillic, and that makes Macedonian more different to them than to Serbs. So you are a speaker of Southern Chakavian, right? True MI testing does try to find virgin ears that have heard little of the other language and speak little or none of it. Your email address will not be published. Its grammar is close to that of Russian. There are some dialects around Buzet that seem to be the remains of old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects (Jembrigh 2014). In essence, such kinds of bilingualism also improve understanding of other, unrelated Slavic languages, since two Slavic languages fill in the comprehension gaps. If we follow this line of reasoning, it would be correct to conclude that English is highly intelligible to Serbian speakers because most Serbs speak English. [2], Sign languages are not universal and are usually not mutually intelligible,[3] although there are also similarities among different sign languages. If you can speak Russian fluently, you will be able to understand 77% of Polish words, while Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, and . About Boyko/Hutsul dialects which according to you are more understandable to Russian person than Ukrainian language I will disagree with you. Some do in fact argue that Ukrainian shouldn't be considered as an East-Slavic language at all, being that it has more in common with West-Slavic languages such as Polish, Czech and Slovak than it . It should be noted that this division is conditional (actually: arbitrary) (and) names do not reflect the different languages, but only periods in the development of the Bulgarian language, which (have) detectable traits. President Musharraf of Pakistan says that the CIA has secretly paid his government millions of dollars for handing over hundreds of al-Qaeda suspects to America.. There is much nonsense said about the mutual intelligibility of the various languages in the Slavic family. Ukrainian much less comprehensible. Many of our word roots are the same. Later I found out that Slovenian and Bulgarian/Macedonian are all south Slavic languages while Serbian language is actually a western Slavic language like Slovak/Czech/Polish. It's not learning, but for become understanding - Ukrainian must listen Polish language from some hours to some days to get used to very specific pronunciation. Very interesting. Belic) maybe do not understand Macedonian so well as Macedonian the Serbian language do (because of the according to you Bilingual learning . Although the standard view is that Balachka is a Ukrainian dialect, some linguists say that it is actually a separate language closely related to Ukrainian. but they are often mutually intelligible. Russians, they usually need some adaptation time (and of course they need to be willing to try -- which is not always the case, since many Russians are monolingual and . Most people in Slovenia learn Serbian language so it is hard to estimate the real mutual intelligibility between Slovenian and Serbian language. It was probably in the same ballpark as Polish for me. Ikavian Chakavian has two branches Southwestern Istrian and Southern Chakavian. I am not saying this to slam Ukrainians, but just an observation. I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. Accent is on last or penultimate syllable. Mutual intelligibility is highly subjective. However, any suggestions that Kajkavian is a separate language are censored on Croatian TV (Jembrigh 2014). Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? It is not true that Shtokavian which I speak is not mutually intelligible with Torlakian of southern Serbia. Like a shits to o. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Polish and Russian while Slavic sounding to my ear and is maybe 5%-15% intelligible . After all, you can look at the study that I listed above and check the results of the written translation task (translation of 50 individual words), which illustrates the similarity of lexicons: Czechs best understand Slovak words (96,52%), then Polish (64,29%), then Bulgarian (57,00%), Croatian (55,38%) and Slovene (49,73%). There is as much Czech literature and media as Slovak literature and media in Slovakia, and many Slovaks study at Czech universities. Swarte will be awarded a PhD by the University of Groningen on 3 March. Im Slovenian, my mother tongue is Slovenian, however I have also learnt Serbo-Croatian from a very early age. Still others (for example, Voegelin and Voegelin 1977) recognize just two main dialect groups: Eastern and Western Ukrainian. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. Colloquial Ukrainian spoken in most of the country is pretty much comprehensible to Russians. How many English speakers know Serbo-Croatian? Bulgarian and Macedonian can understand each other to a great degree (65-80%) but not completely. Slobozhan Russian is very close to Ukrainian, closer to Ukrainian than it is to Russian, and Slobozhan Ukrainian is very close to Russian, closer to Russian than to Ukrainian. https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA Burgenland Croatian, spoken in Austria, is intelligible to Croatian speakers in Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, but it has poor intelligibility with the Croatian spoken in Croatia. It is not really either Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian, but instead it is best said that they are speaking a mixed Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian language. Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible and in general very close and have some common features like synthetical future, but Russian speakers (who know only Russian) only partially understand Ukrainian/Belarusian. They are essentially the same language and even somebody with virgin ears can understand anybody almost perfectly, as long as he has half a brain. Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. I speak Slovenian and Croats think that I can speak Kaikavian. The Russian language in the Ukraine has been declining recently mostly because since independence, the authorities have striven to make the new Ukrainian as far away from Russian as possible by adopting the Kharkiv Standard adopted in 1927 and jettisoning the 1932 Standard which brought Ukrainian more in line with Russian. some things in this article are heavily exaggerated. Also what is a dialect and what is a language? becomes confusing for me since I can say a sentence in Kai/Cha thats almost the same in Slovene but different in BSCM standards. But despite similarities in grammar and vocabulary and almost identical alphabets, they differ sharply in many ways and are not mutually intelligible. Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian) has 55% intelligibility of Macedonian (varies from 25-90%), 27% of Slovenian, 25% of Slovak, 20% of Ukrainian, 13% of oral Bulgarian and 25% of written Bulgarian, 10% of oral Russian and 22% of written Russian, 10% of Czech, and 5% of Polish. However, many groups of languages are partly mutually intelligible, i.e. He was a member of a group of linguists who met periodically to discuss the field. The real reason that Slavs cant even understand each other: not enough vowels in their tongues! The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927. More? I was surprised that they never live in Slovenia and they never learn Slovenian. Vitebsk State University. She introduces her and her two friends from the Czech republic and Spain, Because she speaks very clearly and slowly, I understand everything between 0:25-0:32, but then she starts a fast flood of words and between 0:32-0:36 I basically hear only s. Macedonian side, the situation is more complicated (i will explain later). Salute from Czech republic. That word have special meaning and I think that Serbian needs that word, but if I tell that word seriously while I speak, everybody will laugh at me. Was he educated? 70%? However, the Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect in northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria and the Maleevo-Pirin dialect in eastern Macedonia and western Bulgaria are transitional between Bulgarian and Macedonian. I have no problems understanding the Torlakian dialect. Spanish is also partially mutually intelligible with Italian, Sardinian and French, with respective lexical similarities of 82%, 76% and 75%. Czechs are more urbane. For example, the spirantisation of Slavic /g/ to /h/ is an areal feature shared by the Czech-Slovak group with both Ukrainian and Sorbian (but not with Polish). But they would learn it quickly if they cared. 0%. Upper Dnistrian is influenced by German and Polish. Crazy! Grammar, on the other hand, is a different matter altogether. I am a native Spanish speaker but my girlfriend is Macedonian. I dont know about Macedonian (havent ever heard or read it) but it seems to be like in the middle between Serbian and Bulgarian (just like frisian is in the middle of dutch and english). Borg, Albert J.; Azzopardi-Alexander, Marie (1997). I speak tokavski croatian (and can read and understand serbian (both cyrillic and latin) and can adapt my croatian to be more serbian grammatically and with vocabulary) and just recently I had a conversation where I spoke croatian and the other person spoke polish. @AJ December 2014. It all adds up, man. However, the Croatian macrolanguage has strange lects that Standard Croatian (tokavian) cannot understand. I kind of like it though . Usama Bin Laden is wanted in connection with the August 7, 1998, bombings of the United States Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. They have more in common than you might think! The answer is that Izetbegovi is speaking too fast, he is often basically mumbling, and due to the different stress, I cannot identify, where the words start and end. Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand whats going on. Croatian linguist. Balgarski is balgarskijat, grupa is grupata, oficialni is oficijalnijat etc. Bulgarian has 80% intelligibility of Macedonian, 41% of Russian, and 5% of Polish and Czech. Ability of speakers of two language varieties to understand the other, As a criterion for identifying separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, Alexander M. Schenker. An inherent pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a a speaker of Slavic lect A listening to a tape or video of a speaker of Slavic Lect A. I would say that Macedonian is about 25% intelligible to a Serbian speaker that was never exposed to Macedonian. But islanders more often say Mi povidamo na nau or domau. Its specific czech and many foreiner has problem spelling it. Yes you can. Also sorry for my English. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9 The Bulgarian language is the earliest written record Slavic language. This stuff is not all that controversial. Or maybe you are just a gatekeeper. We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe. The Torlakian spoken in the southeast is different. ", "Moldovan (limba moldoveneasc / )", "Experimental methods for measuring intelligibility of closely related language varieties", "Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages in Europe", Harold Schiffman, "Linguists' Definition: mutual intelligibility", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutual_intelligibility&oldid=1137818628, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2015, Pages with login required references or sources, Articles needing additional references from July 2022, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from March 2015, Articles with self-published sources from April 2020, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kajkavian has higher mutual intelligibility with Slovene than with the national varieties of Shtokavian. Thanks for the information about Eastern Slovak I will incorporate it. The only (still rather minor) problem that I had with this text was the part Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija (Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria), because I could not understand Nared s osnovnata. It is rather controversial outside Linguistics, as you run into nationalists and other fools who emotionally distort things. Eastern Slovak may have 72% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Tradues em contexto de "mutuamente compreensvel" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os membros da equipa de verificao da Comisso podem comunicar com as autoridades e com o pessoal do operador da instalao numa lngua comum e mutuamente compreensvel. Some comments on Ukrainian: Its also said that Serbo-Croatian can understand Bulgarian and Macedonian, but this is not true. It is time to stop believing to the politically motivated propaganda about our languages and start telling the truth. Polish is a disgusting sounding language. Jeff Lindsay estimates that Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Sorry I can`t give you percentage. Slobozhan Ukrainian speakers in this region find it easier to understand their Russian neighbors than the Upper DnistrianUkrainian spoken in the far west in the countryside around Lviv. It forms a single tongue and is not several separate languages as many insist. The reason there are subtitles on Russian-language shows in Ukraine is because of Ukraines puristic state language policies. Serbo-Croatian speakers can often learn to understand Macedonian well after some exposure. Re: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian Mutual Intelligibility. It is estimated that there is 89% lexical similarity with French, 87% similarity with Catalan (spoken in Southern Spain), 85% with Sardinian, 82% with Spanish, 78% with Ladin (spoken in Northern Italy) and 77% with Romanian. Then conversation is intelligible 100%. > Much of the claimed intelligibility was simply bilingual learning. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? Spoken Bulgarian is very difficult to understand for other Slavs due to phonology and unique syllable stress. While not usually considered mutually intelligible, theres also enough similarity between French and Italian that speakers of Portuguese may understand both of these languages. It is often said that Ukrainian and Russian are intelligible with each other or even that they are the same language (a view perpetuated by Russian nationalists). Poles who know German and Old Polish can understand Silesian quite well due to the Germanisms and the presence of many older Polish words, but Poles who speak only Polish have a hard time with Silesian. Everything else we chalk up to bilingual learning as we call it and we do not think it is accurate.