The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. 7. /F3 12 0 R Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. 6 0 obj Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. % And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. stream From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. PDF The 2015 General Elections: Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. ! INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. local government autonomy.docx - CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? You are already subscribed to our newsletter! This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. What is federalism? Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Best information base for latest information both national and international. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. We appreciate you. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. American Federalism - 56 American Federalism 2 Listen to Chapter 2 on In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. >> This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. Resource control: 3.7 7. Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management 2. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria.